Marathon Aid Station Setup Guide: How to Keep Runners Hydrated and Fueled

If you’ve ever been tasked with setting up marathon aid stations, you know it’s no walk in the park. Planning, stocking, and managing aid stations can feel like your own marathon. The pressure to get every detail right, knowing how much runners rely on these stations, can be overwhelming.

When everything comes together, it not only keeps the race running smoothly but also enhances the experience for everyone involved - from the runners to the volunteers.

In this guide, we’ll cover everything you need to know about setting up hydration stations, nutrition stops, and medical tents that not only keep your marathon running efficiently but also provide runners with the vital support they need to perform their best.

Drawing from the expert setups of world-renowned races like the Chicago and Boston Marathons, we’ll share practical tips and real-world insights to help you create aid stations that keep runners fueled, focused, and safe throughout the race.

1. Fuel Up Fast: Northwell Health’s Marathon Aid Station

This Northwell Health-branded pop-up canopy demonstrates how the right aid station setup can improve race flow and ensure participants stay hydrated and energized. Runners get quick access to essentials, volunteers have an easy-to-manage setup, and sponsors receive the visibility they need.

What sets this station apart is the smart organization, ensuring everything runs smoothly and keeps delays to a minimum.

• Branded Canopy and Clear Signage: The Northwell Health canopy prominently displays the sponsor’s logo along with bold "Food & Beverage" signage, making it easy for runners to spot from a distance.
• Efficient Layout: Tables are stocked with water, energy drinks, and snacks, ensuring runners can grab what they need quickly without causing congestion or delays.
• Abundant Supplies: From water bottles to snacks, everything runners need is readily available throughout the event, helping them stay energized and keep going strong.
• Volunteer-Friendly Design: The layout allows volunteers to easily access and restock supplies. The canopy provides shelter, keeping them comfortable and organized as they work.
• Weather Protection: Rain or shine, the canopy offers essential weather protection, shielding both volunteers and supplies from the elements.

 2. Boston Marathon’s Aid Station Strategy: Fueling Runners Through Historic Terrain

The Boston Marathon employs a structured and efficient aid station strategy to support runners across its challenging 26.2-mile course. Starting at Mile 2, water and electrolyte drinks are provided at regular intervals to ensure runners stay consistently hydrated. This early and continuous hydration is key, especially as runners tackle the infamous Newton Hills, where maintaining energy levels is crucial.

In addition to hydration, energy gel stations are strategically positioned at Mile 11.8, Mile 17, and Mile 21.5. These stations offer carbohydrate-rich gels to provide vital energy at critical moments in the race, particularly as runners approach demanding sections like Heartbreak Hill near Mile 20. These well-timed energy boosts help runners maintain their momentum during the race’s most challenging stretches.

To ensure runner safety, medical support is readily available with 26 medical stations spread throughout the course. Sweep buses are also available to assist runners unable to finish. This comprehensive setup—hydration, energy gels, and medical support—ensures that the Boston Marathon not only fuels runners physically but also provides the logistical and safety resources they need to succeed.

3. How Chicago Marathon Aid Stations Keep Runners Fueled and Inspired

The Chicago Marathon’s aid station strategy is a finely-tuned system designed to keep runners hydrated, fueled, and supported throughout the 26.2-mile course. With 20 stations positioned roughly every 1 to 2 miles, runners are never far from hydration or medical assistance. This frequent spacing helps minimize fatigue and keeps the race flowing smoothly, ensuring that participants have regular access to water, Gatorade Endurance Formula, and medical tents.

What sets the Chicago Marathon apart is the thoughtful placement of specialized fuel stations at critical points - Maurten Gel Stations appear at miles 13.6, 18.2, and 23, providing crucial carbohydrates right when runners need them most. In the later stages, between miles 19.5 and 22.3, Banana Stations offer a natural energy boost, while the Biofreeze Pain Relief Zone at mile 21.2 adds another layer of recovery support to help runners push through the final miles.

Here’s a breakdown of the Chicago Marathon aid stations, detailing their locations and available support for runners:

Station #	Mile Marker	Type of Aid Station	Offerings
1	1.6	Standard Aid Station	Water, Gatorade Endurance Formula, Medical Tent, Portable Toilets
2	3.1	Standard Aid Station	Water, Gatorade Endurance Formula, Medical Tent, Portable Toilets
3	5	Standard Aid Station	Water, Gatorade Endurance Formula, Medical Tent, Portable Toilets
4	6.5	Standard Aid Station	Water, Gatorade Endurance Formula, Medical Tent, Portable Toilets
5	8	Standard Aid Station	Water, Gatorade Endurance Formula, Medical Tent, Portable Toilets
6	9.5	Standard Aid Station	Water, Gatorade Endurance Formula, Medical Tent, Portable Toilets
7	11	Standard Aid Station	Water, Gatorade Endurance Formula, Medical Tent, Portable Toilets
8	12.5	Standard Aid Station	Water, Gatorade Endurance Formula, Medical Tent, Portable Toilets
9	13.6	Specialized Aid Station (Maurten Gel Fuel)	Water, Gatorade Endurance Formula, Maurten Gel 100, Maurten Gel 100 Caf 100, Medical Tent, Portable Toilets
10	15	Standard Aid Station	Water, Gatorade Endurance Formula, Medical Tent, Portable Toilets
11	16.5	Standard Aid Station	Water, Gatorade Endurance Formula, Medical Tent, Portable Toilets
12	18.2	Specialized Aid Station (Maurten Gel Fuel)	Water, Gatorade Endurance Formula, Maurten Gel 100, Maurten Gel 100 Caf 100, Medical Tent, Portable Toilets
13	19.5	Banana Station	Water, Gatorade Endurance Formula, Chiquita Bananas, Medical Tent, Portable Toilets
14	20.5	Banana Station	Water, Gatorade Endurance Formula, Chiquita Bananas, Medical Tent, Portable Toilets
15	21.2	Biofreeze Pain Relief Zone	Biofreeze Spray
16	22.3	Banana Station	Water, Gatorade Endurance Formula, Chiquita Bananas, Medical Tent, Portable Toilets
17	23	Specialized Aid Station (Maurten Gel Fuel)	Water, Gatorade Endurance Formula, Maurten Gel 100, Maurten Gel 100 Caf 100, Medical Tent, Portable Toilets
18	24	Standard Aid Station	Water, Gatorade Endurance Formula, Medical Tent, Portable Toilets
19	25.2	Standard Aid Station	Water, Gatorade Endurance Formula, Medical Tent, Portable Toilets
20	26	Standard Aid Station	Water, Gatorade Endurance Formula, Medical Tent, Portable Toilets

Fuel, Hydrate, Recover: Must-Have Items for Every Aid Station Type

To run a smooth and successful marathon, it’s crucial to have well-equipped aid stations strategically placed along the course. Each type of station serves a unique purpose, from hydration to recovery, and knowing what to stock at each can make all the difference for both runners and volunteers.

1. Hydration Station: The Backbone of Every Marathon Aid Setup

Hydration is critical for marathon runners, and a well-organized hydration station keeps them fueled without slowing down. The placement and setup can make or break a smooth race flow.

Must-Haves

• Pre-filled water and electrolyte drink cups at waist height: Pre-filling cups allows runners to quickly grab hydration without slowing down or bending, maintaining their momentum.

• Staggered table placement in long rows: Setting up tables in long rows on both sides of the course prevents bottlenecks, reducing congestion and ensuring a steady flow of runners.

• Trash bins positioned 50 yards past the station: Runners often dispose of cups after they've passed the station. Placing bins at least 50 yards beyond the hydration point ensures the course stays clean without disrupting the flow.

• Clear signage 100-200 meters before the station: Runners need time to spot the hydration station and adjust their pace. Large, visible signs placed well in advance prevent sudden stops and allow for smoother access to drinks.

Nice to Haves

• Misting stations positioned after hydration: Particularly useful in hot weather, misting stations provide immediate relief to runners, cooling them down without stopping their progress.

• Cooling sponges or ice towels: Offering cold sponges or ice towels at the exit of the hydration station can help runners cool off instantly and stay comfortable in high temperatures.

• Variety of drinks with different sodium levels: Providing multiple electrolyte drinks with varying sodium content caters to runners with different hydration needs, allowing them to choose what best suits their requirements.

• Shade tents over drink tables: In hot weather, covering the hydration station with tents or umbrellas keeps the drinks cooler and more refreshing for runners.

• Self-serve hydration systems with multiple spouts: Instead of relying solely on pre-filled cups, self-serve stations allow runners to refill their bottles quickly without waste, particularly in the later stages when fewer runners are passing through.

2. Medical Station: How to Keep Runners Safe on Race Day

Medical stations are vital for ensuring runner safety, offering immediate support for injuries, dehydration, or fatigue. These stations need to be equipped to handle a range of issues while keeping runners moving or safely exiting the race if needed.

Must-Haves:

• Fully stocked first aid kits: Essential supplies should include bandages, antiseptic wipes, ice packs, and blister care to address minor injuries on the spot.

• Emergency medical equipment (AEDs and oxygen tanks): Automatic defibrillators (AEDs) and oxygen tanks are critical for addressing serious medical emergencies, particularly in high-heat conditions or during stressful parts of the race.

• Stretcher or wheelchair: Some runners may be unable to continue. Having a stretcher or wheelchair on hand ensures that injured or exhausted runners can be transported quickly and safely to a recovery zone.

• Clearly marked medical tent with large signage: The medical station should be easily visible, with clear signage placed well before the tent, so runners know where to seek help.

• Communication system for emergency response: Radios or walkie-talkies are essential for connecting medical teams with other aid stations or race organizers, ensuring quick communication during emergencies.

Nice to Haves

• Massage tables for muscle relief: Providing massage tables staffed with professionals or trained volunteers can help alleviate cramps and muscle stiffness, giving runners a better chance of continuing the race.

• Cooling stations with fans or cold towels: In hot weather, providing cooling areas with fans or offering cold towels can help prevent heat exhaustion and keep runners comfortable while receiving treatment.

• Portable shelters for shade or rain protection: Tents or shelters not only protect the medical staff and runners from the elements but also create a more organized, professional setup that ensures safety during extreme weather conditions.

• Volunteer "spotters" at nearby high-risk points: Stationing volunteers at key points before steep hills or challenging areas allows them to identify runners who may need help and alert the medical station before they arrive.

3. Nutrition Station: Essential Fuel for Marathon Runners

Nutrition stations are designed to provide runners with the energy needed to sustain their performance, especially during longer stretches of the marathon. These stations help replenish carbohydrates, electrolytes, and essential nutrients to keep runners going strong.

Must-Haves

• Easy-to-eat snacks like bananas and oranges: Provide pre-cut fruit like bananas and oranges for quick, natural energy. Bananas are great for replenishing potassium and preventing cramps, while oranges offer a fast carb boost and hydration.

• Salted snacks like pretzels or crackers: Salty snacks help runners restore sodium levels lost through sweat, preventing dehydration and maintaining electrolyte balance during the race.

• Tables organized by snack type: To prevent confusion, separate snacks like fruits, salty options, and gels by table, allowing runners to grab what they need quickly without slowing down or hunting for items.

• Trash bins placed after the station: Place bins a short distance past the station for easy disposal of wrappers, peels, or uneaten snacks, keeping the course clean and smooth.

• Signage for each food option: Clearly label each snack table with visible signs, so runners can quickly identify what’s being offered without having to stop and figure it out mid-race.

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Nice to Haves

• Energy bars or gels (small, portable): Offering a selection of energy bars or gels gives runners the option for a more concentrated energy boost. These can be stocked as an additional option to complement natural foods like fruit.

• Electrolyte tablets or salt sticks: For runners who prefer more compact options, electrolyte tablets or salt sticks can be a convenient way to maintain sodium and hydration balance during longer stretches of the race.

Bonus Marathon Aid Stations to Improve Runner Experience

While hydration, medical, and nutrition stations are the backbone of any marathon, there are additional stations that, while not essential, can significantly enhance the runner experience. These “bonus” stations offer extra comfort, motivation, and safety, making your marathon stand out.

Electrolyte/Salt Station

• Purpose: Helps runners replenish sodium levels lost through sweat, preventing cramps and maintaining electrolyte balance.

• Items to Have: Salt tablets, electrolyte capsules, or pre-portioned electrolyte powders. You might also consider adding shaded areas to keep supplies cool and organized.

Cheer/Boost Station

• Purpose: Motivates runners during tough stretches with high-energy volunteers, music, and crowd engagement.

• Items to Have: Noisemakers like cowbells, motivational signs, and upbeat music systems. You might also consider adding cheer squads or themes to boost morale.

First Responder Station

• Purpose: Offers advanced medical support at high-risk points along the course, especially where tougher physical challenges arise.

• Items to Have: Paramedics, emergency medical kits, and access to emergency vehicles. You might also consider placing this station at steep hills or more dangerous sections of the course.

Portable Toilet Station

• Purpose: Reduces congestion at other aid stations by offering dedicated restroom stops throughout the race.

• Items to Have: Portable toilets and hand sanitizer stations. You might also consider adding shaded waiting areas to keep runners comfortable in line.

Sunscreen/UV Protection Station

• Purpose: Protects runners from sun exposure during long races, especially in sunny climates.

• Items to Have: Sunscreen dispensers or spray stations. You might also consider offering UV-protection accessories like sun sleeves or hats.

Breaking Records and Barriers: The Role of Innovative Aid in Kipchoge’s Success

Eliud Kipchoge’s sub-two-hour marathon at the INEOS 1:59 Challenge wasn’t just about elite-level athleticism—it was also about the clever support that helped make it possible. More than just a runner pushing physical limits, Kipchoge had a team behind him that knew exactly how to keep him going, without slowing him down.

Instead of using the traditional aid stations where runners have to pause or at least ease up to grab hydration, Kipchoge’s team sent cyclists alongside him, handing him water and energy gels while he kept moving at full speed. Every handoff was perfectly timed, giving him what he needed without breaking his rhythm. It’s a small change, but it made a massive difference in his ability to maintain that record-breaking pace.

Even though the INEOS 1:59 wasn’t an official race, it’s a reminder for anyone organizing a marathon: how you deliver support matters. It’s not just about providing hydration and fuel, but doing it in a way that keeps runners moving forward, both physically and mentally.

Kipchoge’s achievement shows that a little creativity in how you handle aid stations can help runners stay focused and on pace, whether they’re chasing world records or personal bests.